As Alfred Marshall eloquently postulated in his Principles of Economics (1890), “In the later stages of economics, when we are approaching nearly to the conditions of Life, biological analogies are to be preferred to mechanical”.

After billions of years of evolution, nature has created and accumulated capital in various forms, we call “natural resources”.

The environment and the economy are co-evolving systems. Integrated metrics are necessary to reveal their complex energetic relations.

The development and constant enrichment of waste classification methods is of vital importance to create structured waste databases and knowledge libraries on their potential economic utility.

Artificial materials from recyclables with increased responsiveness to external signals, energy efficiency and stress performance.

A form of industrial organization based on the paradigm of natural ecosystems, introducing “socioeconomic biomimetics”.

This new breed of financial contracts couples payments to the range of services that an amount of a chemical compound can perform.

Ecosystems are nature’s labs, producing a wide range of products and services of high value-added that can be preserved and grow if economic units invest in them.